高中英语语法状语从句知识点总结

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　 相关例句

　 时间状语从句

　常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , not...until

　特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant( 瞬间，顷刻), immediately , directly(不久，立即), no sooner … than(一...就...), hardly …when(刚一...就...) , scarcely … when(几乎没有……的时候)

　I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

　直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。

　While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

　当约翰在看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。

　The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.

　孩子们一看到守卫就逃走了。

　No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

　还没等我到家就开始下雨了。

　Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

　每当我听取你的建议的.时候，我就会惹上麻烦。

　 地点状语从句

　常用引导词：where

　特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

　Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

　一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重

　Wherever you go, you should work hard.

　无论你去哪里，你应该努力工作

　地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

　Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

　在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

　They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.

　他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

　You should have put the book where you found it.

　你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。

　Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.

　哪里有了中国***，哪里人民就得解放。

　Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.

　有海就有海员。

　 原因状语从句

　常用引导词：because, since, as, for

　特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

　My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

　我的朋友不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。

　Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

　既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。

　The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

　更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。

　 目的状语从句

　常用引导词：so that, in order that

　特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

　The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

　老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。

　The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

　为了让后面的学生听得更清楚，老师有意地提高了他的声音。

　 结果状语从句

　常用引导词：so … that, such … that,

　特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

　He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

　他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车

　It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

　这是一个好机会，千万不能错过它

　To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

　他激动到这个程度，以至于他昨晚睡不着

　 条件状语从句

　常用引导词：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)

　特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

　We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

　如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目

　You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

　你一定会成功，只要你继续努力

　Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

　如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会

　 让步状语从句

　常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

　特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

　Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

　尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。

　The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

　老人喜欢游泳，即使天气很恶劣

　No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

　不论他如何努力，她不会改变她的主意

　He won’t listen whatever you may say.

　他不会听你说什么

　 比较状语从句

　常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

　特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A to B is what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B

　She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

　她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏

　The house is three times as big as ours.

　这房子是我们的三倍大

　The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

　你运动的越多，你就越健康

　Food is to men what oil is to machine.

　食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

　 方式状语从句

　常用引导词：as, as if, how

　特殊引导词：the way

　When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

　入国问禁，入乡随俗

　She behaved as if she were the boss.

　她表现得就好像她是老板

　Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

　有时，我们用父母教导我们的方式教导我们的孩子

　

高中英语关于介词在句中的作用知识点

　1介词的搭配与选择

　介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分，而需要与其后面的宾语相结合，成为介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是，有时介词也受其前面用词的限制，因此，许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。

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　2介词的语法功能

　介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语，间或作主语等。

　例如：

　The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)

　Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)

　The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)

　They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)

　A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)

　On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)

　3介词的分类

　介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前，表示词语之间意义关系的词类。 英语常用的介词大致可分为四类：

　1.简单介词

　顾名思义，简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词，也是使用最频繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、分词、名词、连词等转变而来。常用的简单介词有：

　at，about，above，across，after，among， against，before，behind，below，beside，between，beyond，but，despite，during，except，for，in，of，on，over，near，past， round，since，through，till，until，with，up等。

　2.合成介词

　指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有：

　inside，into，onto， outside，throughout，towards，within，without等。

　3.二重介词

　指由两个单一的介词并列在一起，作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有：

　from among，from behind，from under，until /till after等。

　4.短语介词

　指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有：

　according to， along with，in front of，by means of，in spite of，together with，with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语是由介词加宾语构成，本身可作句子成分，如定语或状语等，可单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语，不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。

　4介词的宾语

　介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如：

　名词：The car ran into a wall，and two men were killed.

　代词：Wherever he went，he carried the photo with him.

　形容词：Your plan is far from perfect.

　副词：I can't see the tower clearly from here.She came from afar.

　动名词：He entered the room without taking off his hat.

　不定式：He did nothing but cry.

　介词短语：She often studies till after midnight.

　数词：In nine out often he won't come.

　疑问词+不定式：The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.

　疑问词引导从句：He does not care about who will be promoted.

　that引导的从句：Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.

　5介词短语的句法功能

　1.作定语

　The key to the door is missing.

　2.作表语

　As we know, Japanis to the east of China.

　3.作状语

　1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (时间状语)

　2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地点状语)

　3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式状语)

　6介词的复合结构

　1. 介词+宾语+形容词

　He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

　2. 介词+宾语+分词

　The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

　3. 介词+宾语+不定式

　The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.

　4. 介词+宾语+副词

　The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.

　5. 介词+宾语+介词短语

　The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

　7介词的叠用

　在少数介词之后还可接另一个介词短语，也就是我们所称的二重介词。如：

　The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.

　四、介词+and+介词

　Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.

　There are many trees in and outside the town.

　8介词的固定搭配

　在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多，平时需要加强记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配，并且就较容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。

　1.act as 担任 act for 代理

　2.apply to 应用于，适合于，向?申请 apply for 申请，要求

　3.belong to 属于 belong in住在，应该? belong with 应归于(类别，范畴等)

　4.call on 号召，请求，拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方) call in 请医生，召集，收集 call to 高声唤(某人)

　5.compare with 跟?相比较 compare to 把?比作，与?相比

　6.correspond with 与?通信;适合 correspond to 相当于

　7.deal in 做生意，经营(=engage in) deal with 对付，论及，与?交往(=cope with)

　8.play with 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on 玩(某种乐器)

　9.suffer from 患(病)，受?祸患.

　10.wait on 伺候 wait for等待

　9常易混用介词的区别

　1. 表示?上、下?等方位的介词。

　2. 表示地点的in和at的区别

　a) at表示位置，in表示?在?内?如：

　? Where is he He is at the cinema. (问话者想知道的是位置)

　? Is he in the cinema Yes, he is. (问话者可能已经在影院门外)

　b) at表示小地点，in表示大地点

　They arrived at the village at seven.

　They arrived in Beijing at seven.

　3. in, to和on在方位名词前的区别

　in表示在某范围之内;to表示某范围之外的地方;on表示?毗邻、接壤?

　Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.

　Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.

　Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.

　4. 表示时间的in和after

　用于将来时态时，in后面接?时段?;after后面接?时点?。试比较：

　He will be back in five hours.

　He will be back after five o?clock.

　after后面也可接?时段?，但应该用在过去时态的句子中。

　They came back after five days.

　10常见考法

　一些常见介词如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;

　一些介词短语如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.

　11误区提醒

　1. 一些介词的基本用法不清;2. 一些多义介词的用法弄混;3. 一些介词短语不会灵活运用。

　典型例题

　1.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone?s enjoyment.

　A.in B. at C. for D. to

　解析: 错选D。for everyone?s enjoyment 意为?为了大家欣赏?，for在此处为一基本用法，但受to one?s joy的影响错选答案。正确答案为C。

　2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

　A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

　解析：错选C。next to 挨着，far from 远非，out of 出于，due to 因为，根据意思，有空的句子要表达?但还很不理想?。正确答案为B。

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